نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

2 دانشیار گروه مهندسی آب

3 دانشیار گروه علوم خاک و مرکز پژوهشی گیاهان ویژه منطقه دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند.

4 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت منابع آب دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

زعفران (Crocus sativus L.) گیاهی نیمه‌گرمسیری است که کشت آن در ایران سابقه طولانی داشته و عملکرد آن به خصوصیات شیمیایی خاک وابسته است. زئولیت‌ها از جمله موادی هستند که علاوه بر خاصیت حاصلخیزکنندگی خاک، قابلیت اصلاح آن را نیز دارند. بنابراین؛ به منظور بررسی اثر زئولیت بر برخی خصوصیات شیمیایی خاک (کلسیم، منیزیم، سدیم، پتاسیم، کلر، بی‌کربنات، سولفات، واکنش خاک و هدایت الکتریکی) تحت کشت زعفران، آزمایشی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با هفت تیمار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند در سال 1392 انجام شد. تیمارهای مورد بررسی در این تحقیق شامل نوع زئولیت (کلسیک: Zca، پتاسیک: Zk و ترکیبی: Zs) در سه سطح (صفر M0:، 2: M2 و 6: M6 درصد وزنی) با 9 تکرار بود. این تیمارها با خاک آزمایش مخلوط شده و در گلدان‌هایی به قطر 30 سانتی‌متر و ارتفاع 35 سانتی‌متر ریخته شدند. پس از اتمام فصل زراعی، نمونه‌برداری از خاک از عمق 20-10 سانتی‌متری انجام شد. البته برای بررسی تغییرات هدایت الکتریکی از اعماق 10-0 و 30-20 سانتی‌متری نیز نمونه‌بردای شد. نتایج اثر نوع زئولیت بر تغییر خصوصیات شیمیایی خاک نشان داد که مقدار زئولیت تنها بر بی‌کربنات در سطح احتمال 5 درصد اثر معنی‌داری داشت. اثر متقابل نوع و مقدار زئولیت در سطح احتمال 5 درصد بر کلسیم، منیزیم، کلر، بی‌کربنات، سولفات و pH و در سطح احتمال 1 درصد بر میزان سدیم و مجموع کاتیون‌ها معنی‌داری شد؛ ولی مقدار زئولیت بر هیچ پارامتری اثر معنی‌داری نداشت.
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