نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران،ایران

2 دانشیار آبیاری و زهکشی بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات،

3 دانشیار گروه خاکشناسی دانشکده کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

4 استاد گروه آبیاری دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

در بین محصولات کشاورزی، زعفران (Crocus sativus L.) از جمله ارزشمندترین محصولات است که با توجه به نیاز آبی کم و سازگاری با مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک کشور، امکان گسترش تولید و صادرات آن وجود دارد. تحقیق حاضر در سال­های 1396-1394 با هدف بررسی عملکرد زعفران تحت تأثیر بافت خاک در روستای وامنان استان گلستان به عنوان یک منطقه کاشت جدید زعفران در مقایسه با منطقه قائن انجام شد. برای این منظور در هر دو منطقه مورد مطالعه، 30 مزرعه سه تا پنج ساله زعفران با سه تکرار و 90 نمونه با مدیریت زراعی تقریبا یکسان انتخاب و از خاک محدوده رشد بنه­ها (عمق 0-20سانتی­متر) نمونه­برداری انجام شد. همچنین ارزیابی عملکرد زعفران تحت­تأثیر شاخص­های اقلیمی در وامنان در مقایسه با قائن در یک دوره پنج ساله انجام شد. تأثیر منطقه کشت (روستای وامنان و شهر قائن) بر عملکرد زعفران معنی­دار است به­طوری­که مقدار آن در وامنان به طور میانگین 3/5 کیلوگرم در هکتار بیشتر از قائن برآورد شده است. نتایج پارامترهای اقلیمی شامل تبخیر، بارندگی، درجه­حرارت میانگین، درجه­حرارت حداکثر، درجه­حرارت حداقل، ساعات آفتابی و روزهای یخبندان بر عملکرد زعفران نشان داد که عملکرد زعفران در روستای وامنان تحت­تأثیر تعداد روزهای یخبندان قرار گرفته است. همچنین برای تخمین میزان تأثیر بافت خاک بر عملکرد زعفران از آماره آزمون­های جارک-برا و وایت استفاده شد. نتایج بر اساس روش تحلیل رگرسیونی با استفاده از این دو آزمون در قائن نشان داد مقادیر رس و سیلت به­ترتیب با مقادیر 19/0 و 1/0 به­طور معنی­دار بر عملکرد زعفران تأثیر داشتند.

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