نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، رشته علوم باغبانی، گرایش فیزیولوژی گیاهان دارویی، ادویه ‏ای و عطری. دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند
2 استادیارگروه باغبانی و مرکز پژوهشی گیاهان ویژه منطقه، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند.
3 دانشیار گروه علوم خاک و مرکز پژوهشی گیاهان ویژه منطقه دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند
چکیده
مدیریت تغذیه و اندازه بنه مادری از مهمترین عوامل در تعیین کمیت و کیفیت زعفران (Crocus sativus L.) به شمار میروند. به منظور بررسی تأثیر سطوح کمپوست زباله شهری و وزن بنه مادری بر صفات رویشی و زایشی و شاخص‌های‌فتوسنتزی گیاه زعفران، آزمایشی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند در سال زراعی 94-1393 اجرا شد. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با چهار سطح کمپوست زباله شهری (0، 5، 10 و 20 تن در هکتار) و سه سطح وزن بنه مادری (شامل گروههای وزنی 4-1/0، 8-1/4 و 12-1/8 گرم) و در سه تکرار اجرا گردید. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل تعداد، عملکرد گل تر، وزن خشک کلاله، تعداد، طول و وزن برگ، رنگیزههای فتوسنتزی و فلورسانس کلروفیل بود. نتایج نشان داد که تأثیر مصرف کمپوست زباله شهری بر متوسط وزن تر گل و عملکرد خشک کلاله معنیدار بود. به طوریکه کمترین عملکرد خشک کلاله (04/0 گرم در متر مربع) از شاهد و بالاترین عملکرد خشک کلاله (08/0 گرم در متر مربع) از تیمار 20 تن در هکتار به دست آمد، اما با تیمار 5 و 10 تن در هکتار کمپوست زباله شهری تفاوت معنیدار نداشت. همچنین، نتایج نشاندهنده تأثیر معنیدار کمپوست زباله شهری بر اجزاء برگ (طول و وزن خشک) و رنگیزههای آن (کلروفیل a، b، کل و کاروتنوئید) بود. بطوریکه بیشترین اجزاء برگ (طول و وزن خشک) و رنگیزههای فتوسنتزی (کلروفیل و کاروتنوئید) به ترتیب از تیمار 5 و 10 تن در هکتار کمپوست زباله شهری به دست آمد. وزن بنه بر عملکرد، تعداد گل و نیز شاخص‌های رویشی و رنگیزههای فتوسنتزی تأثیر معنیداری داشت؛ بطوریکه بالاترین میزان این صفات در بنههای 12-1/8 گرم به دست آمد. همچنین بر همکنش مصرف کمپوست زباله شهری و وزن بنه بر وزن تر گل، کلروفیل (a، b و کل)، کاروتنوئید و فلورسانس حداقل معنیدار گردید. بر اساس نتایج، استفاده از کمپوست زباله شهری (10 تن در هکتار) و بنههای مادری درشت (12-1/8 گرم) به عنوان مؤثرترین تیمارها در این آزمایش، میتوانند نقش مؤثری در افزایش عملکرد کمی و رنگیزههای فتوسنتزی زعفران داشته باشند.
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