نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته دکتری زراعت، گرایش اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه

2 دانشیار دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه

3 3- استاد دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه

4 استاد دانشکده بیومهندسی، دانشگاه اگه، ازمیر، ترکیه.

چکیده

به منظور مطالعه تنوع ژنتیکی زعفران، شش اکوتیپ زراعی از نقاط مختلف استان خراسان رضوی (مشهد، تربت­جام، گناباد و تربت­حیدریه) و استان خراسان جنوبی (قاین و بیرجند) تهیه و با استفاده از نشانگرهای مولکولی iPBS و SSR مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. نتایج تجزیه­های مولکولی نشان داد که 28 نشانگر iPBS و 22 نشانگر SSR به ترتیب 179 و 44 آلل چندشکلی را شناسایی نمودند و تعداد باندهای تکثیر یافته برای هر نشانگر به ترتیب 10-3 (میانگین 4/6) و 3-1 (میانگین 2) بود. همچنین میانگین محتوای اطلاعات چندشکلی نشانگرهای iPBS و SSR به ترتیب 79/0 و 40/0 تخمین زده شد. از طرفی، نتایج تجزیه واریانس مولکولی نشان داد که بر اساس نشانگر iPBS واریانس درون اکوتیپ‏ها نسبت به واریانس بین اکوتیپ‏ها بیشتر می‏باشد، در حالی­که بر اساس نشانگر SSR واریانس بین اکوتیپ‏ها بیشتر از واریانس داخل اکوتیپ‏ها بود. همچنین تجزیه خوشه، اکوتیپ­های مورد مطالعه را در سه گروه قرار داد و این گروه­بندی توسط تجزیه به مؤلفه­های اصلی مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. با این­حال، اکوتیپ­های بیرجند و گناباد و همچنین اکوتیپ­های تربت­حیدریه و قاین از لحاظ هر دو تجزیه خوشه­ای اختلاف معنی­داری با یکدیگر نداشتند. با این­حال، شباهت ژنتیکی بالایی بین کلیه اکوتیپ‏های زعفران گزارش شد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد اگر چه هر دو نشانگر در ارزیابی تنوع ژنتیکی اکوتیپ­های زعفران کارآمد بودند، ولی نشانگر iPBS در مقایسه با نشانگر SSR کارایی بالاتری در تعیین تنوع ژنتیکی اکوتیپ­های مورد مطالعه زعفران داشت. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

 
 
Aalami, A., Safiyar, S., Abdollahi Mandoulakani, B., 2012. R-RAP: a retrotransposon-based DNA fingerprinting technique in plants. Palnt Omics Journal. 5(4), 359-364.
Abdullaev, F., 2006. Biological properties and medicinal use of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Saffron Biology and Technology. Mashhad, Iran, 28-30 October, p. 339-345.
Abdullaev, F.I., 2002. Cancer chemopreventive and tumoricidal properties of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Experimental Biology and Medicine. 227, 20–25.
Abolhasani, A., Bathaie, S.Z., Yavari, I., Moosavi-Movahedi, A.A., Ghaffari, M., 2005. Separation and purification of some components of Iranian saffron. Asian Journal of Chemistry. 17, 725-729.
Agayev, Y.M.O., Fernandez, J.A., Zarifi, E., 2009. Clonal selection of saffron (Crocus sativus L.): the first optimistic experimental results. Euphytica. 169, 81–99.
Ahmadi, A., Nazari Alam, J., 2015. Effects of biological and chemical fertilizers on quantity yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in different planting densities. Journal of Saffron Research. 3(1): 51-63. [In Persian with English Summary]
Alavi-Kia, S.S., Mohammadi, S.A., Aharizad, S., Moghaddam, M., 2008. Analysis of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships in Crocus genus of Iran using inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment. 22, 795-800.
Alipoor Miandehi, Z., Mahmoodi, S., Behdani, M.A., Sayyari, M.H., 2015. Effects of corm weight and application of fertilizer types on some growth characteristics and yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) under Mahvelat conditions. Journal of Saffron Research. 2(2): 97-112. [In Persian with English Summary]
Alwala, S., Suman, A., Arro, J.A., Veremis, J.C., Kimbeng, C.A., 2006. Target region amplification (TRAP) for assessing genetic diversity in sugarcane germplasm collections. Crop Science. 46, 448-455.
Babaei, S., Talebi, M., Bahar, M., Zeinali, H., 2014. Analysis of genetic diversity among saffron (Crocus sativus L.) accessionsfrom different regions of Iran as revealed by SRAP markers. Scientia Horticulturae. 171, 27–31.
Baraket, G., Chatti, K., Saddoud, O., Abdelkarim, A.B., Mars, M., Trifi, M., Hannachi, A.S., 2011. Comparative assessment of SSR and AFLP markers for evaluation of genetic diversity and conservation of fig, Ficus carica L., genetic resources in Tunisia. Plant Molecular Biology Report. 29, 171–184.
Beiki, A.H., Keify, F., Mozafari, J., 2011. Rapid genomic DNA isolation from corm of Crocus species for genetic diversity analysis. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 5(18), 4596-4600.
Beiki, A.H., Keifi, F., Mozafari, J., 2010. Genetic differentiation of Crocus species by random amplified polymorphic DNA. Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Journal. 18, 1- 10.
Budak, H., Shearman, R.C., Parmaksiz, I., Gaussoin, R.E., Riordan, T.P., Dweikat, I., 2004. Molecular characterization of Buffalograss germplasm using sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 108, 328–334.
Castro, I., Martin, J.P., Ortiz, J.M., Pinto-Carnide, O., 2011. Varietal discrimination and genetic relationships of Vitis vinifera L., cultivars from two major controlled appellation (DOC) regions in Portugal. Seientia Horticulture. 127, 507-514.
Erol, O., Kaya, H.B., Şik, L., Tuna, M., Can, L., Tanyolaç, M.B., 2014. The genus Crocus, series Crocus (Iridaceae) in Turkey and 2 East Aegean islands: a genetic approach. Turkish Journal of Biology. 38, 48-62.
Fernandez, J.A., 2007. Genetic resources of saffron and allies (Crocus spp.). Acta Horticulturae. 739, 167–185.
Fernandez, S.C., Bendersky, G., 2004. Therapy with saffron and the goddess at Thera. Prospects of Biology and Medicine. 47, 199-226.
Grilli Caiola, M., Caputo, P., Zanier, R., 2004. RAPD analysis in Crocus sativus L. accessions and related Crocus species. Biologia Plantarum. 48(3), 375-380.
Gur-arie, R., Cohen, C.J., Eitan, Y., Shelef, L., Hallerman, E.M., Kashin, Y., 2000. Simple sequence repeats in Escherichia coli: abundance, distribution, composition, and polymorphism. Genome Research. 10, 62-71.
He, Q., Li, X.W., Liang, G.L., Ji, K., Guo, Q.G., Yuan, W.M., Zhou, G.Z., Chen, K.S., Van de Weg, W.E., Gao, Z.S., 2011. Genetic diversity and identity of Chinese loquat cultivars, accessions (Eriobotrya japonica) using apple SSR markers. Plant Molecular Biology Report. 29, 197–208.
Johnson, P.G., Kenworthy, K.E., Auld, D.L., Riordan, T.P., 2001. Distribution of buffalograss polyploid variation in the southern Great Plains. Crop Science. 41, 909– 913.
Kalendar, R., Antonius, K., Sm´ykal, P., Schulman, A.H., 2010. iPBS: a universal method for DNA fingerprinting and retrotransposon isolation. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 121, 1419–1430.
Keify, F., Beiki, A.H., 2012. Exploitation of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers for genetic diversity of saffron collection. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 6(14), 2761-2768.
Keneni, G., Bekele, E., Imtiaz, M., Dagne, K., Getu, E., Assefa, F., 2011. Genetic diversity and population structure of Ethiopian chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) germplasm accessions from different geographical origins as revealed. Annual Applied Biology. 159, 17-26.
Khlestkina, E.K., Pestsova, E.G., Salina, E., Roder, M.S., Arbuzova, V.S., Koval, S.F., Borner, A., 2002. Genetic mapping and tagging of wheat genes using RAPD, STS and SSR markers. Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters. 7, 795-802.
King, T.L., Burek, T., 1999. Special issue on gene conservation: identification and manegment of genetic diversity. Molecular Ecology. 8, 51-53.
Koocheki, A., Seyyedi, S.M., 2015. Phonological stages and formation of replacement corms of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) during growing period. Journal of Saffron Research. 3(2): 134-154. [In Persian with English Summary]
Levent, S., Candan, F., Soya, S., Karamenderes, C., Kesercioglu, T., Tanyolac, B., 2008. Genetic Variation among Crocus L. Species from Western Turkey as Revealed by RAPD and ISSR Markers. Journal of Applied Biological Sciences. 2 (2), 73-78.
Liu, K., Muse, S.V., 2005. Power Marker: An integrated analysis environment for genetic marker analysis. Bioinformatics. 21, 2128-2129.
Lou, Q., Chen, J., 2007. Ty1-copia retrotransposon-based SSAP marker development and its potential in the genetic study of cucurbits. Genome. 50, 802-810.
Messmer, M.M., Melchinger, A.A., Boppenmair, J., Brunklaus-Jung, E., Hermann, R.G., 1992. Relationship among early European maize inbreds. I. Genetic diversity among flint and dent lines as revealed by RFLP. Crop Science. 32, 1301- 1309.
Mohammadi, S.A., Khodarahmi, M., Jamalirad, S., Jalal Kamali, M.R., 2009 Genetic diversity in a collection of old and new bread wheat cultivars from Iran as revealed by simple sequence repeat-based analysis. Annual Applied Biology, 154, 67-76.
Namayandeh, A., Nemati, Z., Kamelmanesh, M.M., Mokhtari, M., Mardi, M., 2013. Genetic relationships among species of Iranian crocus (Crocus spp.). Crop Breeding Journal. 3(1), 61-67.
Negbi, M., 1999. Saffron cultivation: past, present and future prospect. In: Negbi, M. (Ed.), Saffron: Crocus sativus L. Harwood Academic Publishers, Australia, pp. 1–18.
Nekouei, N., Behdani, M.A., Khashei-Siuki, A., 2014. Predicting saffron yield from meteorological data using expert system, Razavi and South Khorasan Provinces. Journal of Saffron Research. 2(1): 15-33. [In Persian with English Summary]
Ozkan, H., Kafkas, S., Ozer, MS., Brondolini, A., 2005. Genetic relationships among South-East Turkey wild barley populations and sampling strategies of Hordeum spontaneum. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 112, 12-20.
Queen, R.A., Gribbon, B.M., James, C., Jack, P., Falvell, A.J., 2004. Retrotransposon-based molecular marker for linkage and genetic diversity analysis in wheat. Molecular Genetics and Genomics. 271, 91-97.
Roldan- Rozi, I., Van- Eeuwijk, F.A., Gilliland, T.J., 2001. A comparative study of molecular and morphological methods describing relationships between perennial ryegrass. (Lolium perenne L.) varieties. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 103, 1138-1150.
Rubio-Moraga, A., Castillo-López, R., Gómez-Gómez, L., Ahrazem, O., 2009. Saffron is a monomorphic species as revealed by RAPD, ISSR and microsatellite analyses. BMC Research Notes. 2, 1-5.
Soufizadeh, S., Zand, E., Baghestani, M.A., Kashani, F.B., Nezamabadi, N., Sheibany, K., 2006. Integrated weed management in saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Saffron Biology and Technology. Mashhad, Iran, 28-30 October, p. 133-137.
Thiel, T., Michalek, W., Varshney, R.K., Graner, A., 2003. Exploiting EST databases for the development and characterization of gene-deriver SSR markers in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 106, 411-422.
Xie, W., Zhang, X., Cai, H., Liu, W., Peng, Y., 2010. Genetic diversity analysis and transferability of cereal EST-SSR markers to orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 38, 740-749.
Yeh, F.C., Yang, R.C., 1999. POPGENE Version 1.31. University of Albert and Tim Boyle, Center for International Research.
Zand, A., Riahi, H., Shariatmadari, Z., Zangeneh, S., 2015. Effect of Funneliformis mosseae mycorrihza symbiosis on growth and yield of Crocus sativus L. Journal of Saffron Research. 2(2): 141-151. [In Persian with English Summary]