نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری آگروتکنولوژی- فیزیولوگیاهان زراعی، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی ،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ارسنجان، ارسنجان ، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ارسنجان ،ارسنجان، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ارسنجان ،ارسنجان، ایران.

چکیده

با توجه به اهمیت زعفران و مشکلات آن در نواحی خشک و نیمه­خشک ایران، این مطالعه باهدف بررسی تأثیر هیومیک اسید (HA) (0، 5، 10 و 15 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و سالیسیلیک اسید (SA) (0، 1 و 2 میلی­مولار) بر صفات مورفولوژیکی و فنولوژیکی زعفران به صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل ‌تصادفی در 3 تکرار طی دو سال (1398 و 1399) در شهرستان مروست استان یزد بر روی اکوتیپ تربت‌حیدریه اجرا شد. یافته­ها نشان‌دهنده بالاترین میزان معنی‌دار متوسط وزن خشک کلاله و خامه (به ترتیب 42/82 و 38/0 گرم) در اثر استفاده هم‌زمان سطوح 2 میلی مولار سالیسیلیک اسید و 15 کیلوگرم هیومیک اسید بود. همبستگی پیرسون مثبت و معنی­داری مابین وزن خشک کلاله با وزن بنه (بنیه) مادری (76/0 r=) و خواهری (74/0 r=) مشاهده شد؛ درحالی‌که همبستگی منفی و معنی­داری مابین وزن‌تر خامه با زمان تا سبزشدن (56/0) و گلدهی (43/0 r=) وجود داشت. تجزیه رگرسیون به روش گام‌به‌گام نشان داد که با لحاظ وزن خشک کلاله به‌عنوان عملکرد زعفران، وزن بنه مادری به‌تنهایی 76/0 درصد، وزن بنه مادری و تعداد روز تا گلدهی باهم 82/0 درصد و درنهایت، وزن بنه مادری، تعداد روز تا گلدهی و وزن بنه­های خواهری باهم 86/0 درصد واریانس (تغییرات) عملکرد زعفران را تحت تأثیر قرار دادند درکل، کاربرد هم‌زمان 2 میلی مول سالیسیلیک و 15 کیلوگرم در هکتار هیومیک اسید بهترین نتیجه را بر عوامل موردمطالعه در این بررسی داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Ahmadi, F. & Aminifard, M. (2018). Effects of Foliar Spraying Humic Acid on Some Morphological Characteristics and Flower Yield of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Journal of Saffron Research 6(1): 17-26. (In Persian with English Summary). https://doi.org/10.22077/jsr.2017.540.1021.
Ahmadi, F., Aminifard, M.H., Khayyat, M. & Samadzadeh, A.R. (2018). Effects of humic acid and corm density on saffron yield and yield components in the second year. Saffron Agronomy and Technology 6(2):197-207. (In Persian with English Summary). https://doi.org/10.22048/jsat.2017.74532.1212.
Akhondzadeh, S. (2020). Crocus sativus (saffron), an Herb with a History as Long as the History of Iran with Psychotropic Effects. J. Med. Plants 15(58): 1-6. (In Persian with English Summary). http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/jimc.v4i2.6457
Al-Hatem, J. (2023).New Effect of Treatment with Yeast Extract and Salicylic Acid on Trigonella Foenum-graecum l Plant Growth. Seedling. Basrah journal of science, doi: 10.29072/basjs.20230308
Alie, B., Khan, M., Nisar, H.,    Dar, G., Hassan, M., Shabir, A., Dar, A., Lone., A., Azra, K., Uzma, F., Mohammed Anwar, A. & Arif, Hussain, B.  (2023).   Cost-effective saffron production system module for corm weight and planting density.  Journal of Innovative Agriculture,doi:10.37446/jinagri/rsa/10.2.2023.36-46
Aminifard, M. & Ahmadi, F. (2018). Study on effects of foliar spraying and soil application of humic acid on vegetative characteristics and flower yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Electronic Journal of Crop Production 11(2)” 123-132. (In Persian with English Summary). https://doi.org/10.22069/ejcp.2018.12689.1992.
Ampong., K. Malinda, S., Thilakaranthna., L. & Gorim.Y. (2022). Understanding the Role of Humic Acids on Crop Performance and Soil Health. Frontiers in agronomy, doi: 10.3389/fagro.2022.848621
Ansariyan, S., Alahdadi, I., Ghorbani Javid, M., Soltani, E. (2020). Effects of Salicylic Acid and Application Methods on Daughter Corm Yield and Physiological Characteristics of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Journal of Saffron Research 6(2): 203-218. (In Persian with English Summary). https://doi.org/10.22077/jsr.2018.1290.1051.
Ansaryan, S., Alahdadi, I., Ghorbani Javid, M. & Soltani, E. (2019). Effect of Corm Priming with Salicylic Acid and Mother Corm Weight on Flowering and Qualitative Characteristics of Saffron Stigma. Saffron Agronomy and Technology 7(1): 41-53. (In Persian with English Summary). https://doi.org/10.22048/jsat.2018.96404.1254.
Arivazhagan. C, R., Senthilvalavan, K.& Natarajan. P., S. (2024). Humic acid: sources, extraction methods and its application effects on rice crop –a mini-review. 244-259. doi: 10.58532/v3bcag22ch20
Aslani, S., Barzegar, T.& Nikbakht, J. 2019. Effect of Humic Acid on Physiological and Biochemical Indices and Yield of Tomato under Deficit Irrigation. Journal of Crops Improvement 21(2): 221-232. (In Persian with English Summary). https://doi.org/10.22059/jci.2019.272278.2137.
Aylaj, A., Sisouane, M., Tahiri. S. & El Krati., M. (2023). Effects of Humic Acid Extracted from Organic Waste Composts on Turnip Culture (Brassica rapa subsp. rapa) in a Sandy Soil. Journal of Ecological Engineering, doi: 10.12911/22998993/163510
Badiyala, D. & K. Saroch. (1997). Effect of seed corm size and planting geometry on saffron (Crocus sativus L.) under dry temperate conditions of Himachal Pradesh. Indian Perfumer. 41: 167-169
Bera, B., Bokado, K.& Barkha, S. (2024). Effect of Humic Acid on Growth, Yield and Soil Properties in Rice: A Review. doi: 10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i64603
Boatwright, J.L.& Pajerowska-Mukhtar, K. (2013). Salicylic acid: an old hormone up to new tricks. Mol Plant Pathol 14: 623–634. https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.12035.
Dalvand, M., Solgi, M.& Khaleghi, A. (2018). Effects of Foliar Application of Humic Acid and Drought Stress on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Marigold (Taget Erecta). Soil and Plant Interactions, 9(2): 67-79. (In Persian with English Summary). http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/ejgcst.9.2.67.
de, Souza, A., Lopes, F., Lázaro, O., Pereira, E. Peres., A., Piccolo. & Canellas. P. (2022). Plant hormone crosstalk mediated by humic acids. Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture, doi: 10.1186/s40538-022-00295-2C
Fazil, S., Asif ,M., Iqbal, M. D., Sofi, SS., Mahdi, Jeelani, F., MH Khan, NA. Dar, GH., Mir, Asif, B., Shikari, S., Bangroo, Soliha. M. & Tanveer A. A. (2024). Estimation of Genetic Variability in Saffron (Crocus Sativus L.) Germplasm for Morphological and Quality Traits”. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports 30 (6):745-63. https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62092.
Ghoddusi, H., Koocheki, A., Varidi, M., & Bolandi, M. (2014). Seventy Years of Research on Saffron (Crocus Sativus L.) In Iran: A Review. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 1(2): 217-247.
Jabari, M., Khayat, M., Falahi, H. & Samadzadeh, A. (2016). The effect of pretreatment of mother corm with different levels of salicylic acid and potassium nitrate on the performance of flower, corm and chlorophyll fluorescence indicators of saffron. Saffron Agriculture and Technology, 5(1), 21-35. doi: 10.22048/jsat.2017.38893
Jabbari, M., Khayyat, M., Fallahi, H. and Samadzadeh, A. (2018). Effects of Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid and Potassium Nitrate on Chlorophyll Content, Electrolyte Leakage and Daughter Corm Growth of Saffron (Crocus Sativus L.). Journal of Saffron Research 6(1): 27-49. (In Persian with English Summary). https://doi.org/10.22077/jsr.2017.613.1022.
Kaushal, S.K. & Upadhyay, R. G.  (2002). Studies on variation in corm size and its effect on cormel production and flowering in Crocus sativus L. under mid-hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh. Research On Crops. 3: 126-128
Khayyat., M., Mani, A. Jabbari., H.R. & Fallahi, A., 2018.  Effects of Corm Dipping in Salicylic Acid or Potassium Nitrate on Growth, Flowering, and Quality of Saffron.  Journal of Horticultural Research, doi:10.2478/JOHR-2018-0002
Koocheki, A., Fallahi, H., Amiri, M., & Ehyaei, H. (2015). Effects of Humic Acid Application and Mother Corm Weight on Yield and Growth of Saffron (Crocus Sativus L.). Agroecology 7(4): 425-442. (In Persian with English Summary)
Li, A., Sun., X. & Liu. L. (2022). Action of Salicylic Acid on Plant Growth. Frontiers in Plant Science, doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.878076
Liehn, M. (2022). Simple Organic Acids as Plant Biostimulants. doi: 10.1007/978-981-16-7080-0_4
Lin, X., Huang, J. & Yang., E. (2023). The role of Salicylic acid on plant growth and longevity. doi: 10.14293/pr2199. 000235.v1
McCue, P., Zheng, Z., Pinkham, J.L., and Shetty, K., (2020). A model for enhanced pea seedling vigour following low pH and salicylic acid treatments. Proc. Biochem 35: 603-613. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-9592(99)00111-9.
Moradi., A., Zarinkamar., F. Domenico., S. Giovanni, M.  Pietro, G. Di, Sansebastiano. & Caretto.S. (2020).  Salicylic Acid Induces Exudation of Crocin and Phenolics in Saffron Suspension-Cultured Cells.  doi:  10.3390/PLANTS9080949
Moradi, R. & Pourghasemian, N. (2018). Effect of Salicylic Acid Application on Mitigating Impacts of Drought Stress in Marigold (Calendula Officinalis L). Water and Soil Science (Agricultural Science) 28(2): 15-28. (In Persian with English Summary). https://doi.org/10.22067/jag.v7i4.53822.
Nardi, S., Concheri, G., & Dell’Agnola G. (2010). Biological activity of humic substances. In: Piccolo, A., (Ed.), Humic Substances in Terrestrial Ecosystems. Elsevier, Amsterdam 361–406. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-044481516-3/50010-4.
Omidbeighi, R., Ramezani, A., Sadeghi, B., & Zyaratnia, M. (2002). The effect of corm weight on saffron yield in neighbor conditions. National conference of saffron, Iran.
Young, C.C., Rekha, P., Lai, W.A., & Arun, A.(2006). Encapsulation of plant growth-promoting bacteria in alginate beads enriched with humic acid. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 95: 76-83. DOI: 10.1002/bit.20957
Yuan, Q., Pei, W., Zhang, X., Li, F., Han, Q., & Zhang, S. (2023). Effects of total daily light integral from blue and broad-band red LEDs on flowering of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Scientific Reports, 13, 7175. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-34424-0