نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری بوم‌شناسی زراعی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.
2 استاد گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.
3 دانشیار گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.
چکیده
این پژوهش با هدف تحلیل برخی خصوصیات زعفرانکاران و تعیین میزان تاثیر تعدادی از عوامل زراعی در عملکرد مزارع زعفران در استانهای خراسان بهعنوان قطبهای تولید این محصول در سال 98-1397 انجام شد. روش تحقیق بهصورت توصیفی و از طریق مصاحبه حضوری و تکمیل پرسش‌نامه (به تعداد 80 عدد) در بین زعفرانکاران شهرستانهای فاروج در استان خراسان شمالی، چناران، نیشابور و کاشمر در استان خراسان رضوی و فردوس در استان خراسان جنوبی انجام گرفت. عواملی از قبیل سن و میزان تحصیلات زعفرانکاران، مساحت مزارع، محدوده وزن بنههای مادری در زمان کاشت و مجموع وزن بنههای مادری کشت شده در سال اول، بهعنوان عوامل مؤثر در عملکرد زعفران بهصورت مجزا و در مواردی در مقایسه با یکدیگر بررسی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش عرضهای جغرافیایی، از سن زعفرانکاران کاسته شده و همچنین با افزایش سن، میزان تحصیلات کاهش یافت. البته شیب این روند با افزایش عرض جغرافیایی کندتر شده و در نیمه شمالی استان خراسان بزرگ، زعفرانکاران جوانتر با تحصیلات بیشتر در مزارع حضور داشتند. با افزایش عرض جغرافیایی، مساحت مزارع نیز بزرگ‌تر شد که به دلایل مختلفی از جمله جوانتر شدن زعفرانکاران و همچنین اقلیم بهتر در نیمه شمالی استان خراسان بزرگ میباشد. اثر صفات سطح زیر کشت و مجموع وزن بنههای مادری کشت شده در سال اول بر میزان عملکرد خشک کلاله، معنیدار بودند. در مجموع می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که زعفرانکاران بهخصوص در سالهای اخیر، علاوه بر جوانتر شدن و تحصیلات بیشتر، بهدلیل شرایط اقلیمی و زراعی مناسب‌تر، تمایل به کشت زعفران در عرضهای جغرافیایی بالاتر داشته اند.
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