نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، بیماری‌های گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران.

3 استادیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران.

چکیده

به‌منظور ارزیابی خاصیت دگرآسیبی و قارچ‌کشی عصاره آبی برگ و بنه زعفران بر خصوصیات جوانه‌زنی و رشد اولیه‌ی علف‌هرز خردل وحشی و قارچ آلترناریا آزمایش‌های مستقلی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا ًتصادفی با چهار تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش دگرآسیبی و ضدقارچی شامل دو نوع اندام زعفران (برگ و بنه) و هفت غلظت عصاره (دگرآسیبی: صفر، 25/0، 5/0، 1، 5/1، 2 و 4 درصد وزنی- حجمی) (ضدقارچی: صفر، 0312/0، 625/0، 125/0، 25/0، 5/0 و 1 وزنی-حجمی) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر نوع عصاره بر جوانه زنی و رشد گیاهچه خردل وحشی معنی‌دار بود. نتایج اثر متقابل نوع عصاره در غلظت عصاره بر خصوصیات رشد گیاه‌چه اولیه خردل وحشی نشان داد که کم‌ترین طول ریشه‌چه، وزن تر و خشک ریشه‌چه، طول ساقه‌چه و وزن تر و خشک ساقه‌چه، وزن حشک گیاه‌چه و بنیه گیاه‌چه مربوط به غلظت چهار درصد عصاره بنه به ترتیب با 2/75، 7/68، 4/68، 7/68، 2/79، 4/75، 5/73 و 3/72 درصد کاهش نسبت به شاهد است در حالی که مقادیر کاهش طول ریشه‌چه، وزن تر و خشک ریشه‌چه، طول ساقه‌چه و وزن تر و خشک ساقه‌چه، وزن خشک گیاه‌چه و بنیه گیاه‌چه در مورد عصاره برگ به ترتیب 2/48، 7/46، 44، 48، 8/48، 8/46، 4/47 و 47 درصد بود. نتایج اثر متقابل نوع عصاره در غلظت عصاره بر قطر کلونی قارچ آلترناریا نشان داد که در روز نهم و دوازدهم غلظت‌های 125/0، 25/0، 5/0 و 1 درصد عصاره بنه و غلظت 1 درصد از عصاره برگ مانع 100 درصدی رشد پرگنه قارچ آلترناریا شدند.

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