نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان
2 دانش آموخته دکتری گیاهان دارویی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
چکیده
رویکرد جدید تولید گیاهان دارویی به سمت افزایش کمیت و کیفیت ماده مؤثره با استفاده از روشهای کشاورزی پایدار و ارگانیک پیش میرود، بنابراین استفاده از کودهای آلی در تولید گیاهان دارویی برای تحقق این اهداف ضرورت مییابد. این تحقیق بر پایه طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در 4 تکرار در مزرعه شخصی زعفران در شهرستان کاشمر و آزمایشگاه دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان انجام شد. تیمارها شامل: عصاره جلبک دریایی کلپ در غلظت (0، 1، 2، 3 میلیگرم در لیتر)، کمپوست چای (0، 200، 300، 400 میلیگرم در لیتر) و لیگنین (0، 500، 1000، 1500 میلیگرم در لیتر) بوده است. متغیرهای اندازهگیری شده شامل فنل کل، فلاونوئید کل، فعالیت آنتیاکسیدانی، آنتوسیانین در دو بافت کلاله و گلبرگ و همچنین سافرانال کل، کروسین کل، پیکروکروسین کل در بافت کلاله بود. نتایج نشان داد که تیمارها در سطح یک درصد معنیدار بودند. نتایج مقایسه میانگین نشان داد که بیشترین میزان فنل کل کلاله (75/6 میلیگرم بر گرم) در تیمار جلبک دریایی 3 میلیگرم در لیتر و بیشترین میزان فلاونوئید کل کلاله (04/2 میلیگرم بر گرم) در اثر متقابل تیمارهای لیگنین 500 میلیگرم در لیتر، جلبک دریایی 1 میلیگرم در لیتر و کمپوست چای 200 میلیگرم در لیتر مشاهده شد. بالاترین میزان آنتوسیانین گلبرگ نیز (42/0 میلیگرم بر گرم) در تیمار جلبک دریایی 2 میلیگرم در لیتر، بیشترین درصد ظرفیت آنتیاکسیدانی کلاله (47/10 درصد) و بیشترین میزان آنتوسیانین کلاله (074/0 میلیگرم بر گرم) در تیمار شاهد مشاهده شد. در نهایت میتوان نتیجه گرفت کودهای جلبک دریایی، لیگنین و کمپوست چای تاثیر خوبی بر گیاه زعفران داشتند و با توجه به اهمیت اقتصادی این گیاه استفاده هرچه بیشتر از کودهای زیستی و آلی و جایگزین کردن با کودهای شیمیایی اثرات بهتری در کشاورزی خواهد داشت.
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