نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
گروه پژوهشی گیاه و تنش های محیطی، دانشگاه بیرجند
چکیده
بخش زیادی از بنههای زعفران که هر ساله در مزارع کشت میشوند، فاقد وزن مطلوب بوده و توان بسیار کمی جهت گلدهی در شرایط مزرعهای دارند. این فرضیه مطرح است که با توجه به حذف مقاومت فیزیکی خاک و نیز کنترل بهتر عوامل محیطی در سیستم آبکشت (هیدروپونیک)، امکان گلگیری از این قبیل بنهها در محیط کنترل شده وجود داشته باشد. در همین راستا، در این تحقیق اثر وزنهای مختلف بنة مادری (2 تا 4، 4 تا 6 ، 6 تا 8 و 8 تا 10 گرم) بر خصوصیات گلدهی زعفران در محیط کنترل شده در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 4 تکرار در آزمایشگاه فیزیولوژی باغبانی دانشگاه بیرجند، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بنهها، مرحله تولید آغازة گل (گلانگیزی) را در خاک مزرعه سپری کردند و مرحله ظهور گلها در شرایط تحت کنترل (دمای 1±15 درجه سانتیگراد، رطوبتنسبی 75 درصد و تناوب نوری 8 ساعت نور و 16 ساعت تاریکی) و با تراکم کشت 500 بنه در مترمربع صورت پذیرفت. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل تعداد گل، عملکرد گل، متوسط وزن گل، طول گل، طول کلاله و خامه و نیز وزن خشک کلاله، پرچم و گلبرگ بودند. نتایج نشان داد که تعداد گل در گروههای وزنی 2 تا 4، 4 تا 6، 6 تا 8 و 8 تا 10 گرم بهترتیب صفر، 2/56، 7/193 و 425 عدد در مترمربع بود که بیانگر تولید حداقل یک گل در هر بنه بهترتیب در صفر، 2/11، 7/38 و 85 درصد بنهها در گروههای وزنی مذکور میباشد. مقدار عملکرد گل در تیمارهای آزمایشی بهترتیب صفر، 24، 6/96 و 198 گرم در مترمربع و میزان عملکرد خشک مادگی (خامه + کلاله) بهترتیب صفر، 25/0، 98/0 و 13/2 گرم در مترمربع بود. در مجموع، بنههای با وزن کمتر از 4 گرم فاقد توان گلدهی بودند، ولی بنظر میرسد بنههای با وزن 4 تا 8 گرم در شرایط کنترل شده بتوانند در مقایسه با محیط طبیعی عملکرد گل و کلالة بیشتری تولید نمایند.
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