نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری
نویسندگان
1 گروه زیست شناسی دانشکده علوم دانشگاه بیرجند بیرجند ایران
2 گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه بیرجند،بیرجند، ایران
چکیده
زعفران یکی از با ارزش ترین گونه‌های گیاهی دنیا که کاربرد دارویی و ادویه‌ای آن قدمتی طولانی دارد. زعفران خوراکی با نام علمی Crocus sativus L. گیاهی علفی، چندساله و دارای بنه است. زعفران از جمله گیاهان دارویی است که در طب سنتی به کاربردهای متعدد آن از جمله ضداسپاسم، کمک به هضم طبیعی غذا، تسکین دهنده لثه، ضد نفخ، افزایش دهنده تعریق، مقوی معده، محرک تمایلات جنسی، خلط آور، تسکین دهنده درد، سقط کننده جنین، درمان اختلالات کبد و کیسه صفرا، تسکین دهنده درد دندان و لثه، درمان بی خوابی، ضد افسردگی، ضد استرس، ضدتشنج، درمان اختلالات قلبی-عروقی، ضد سرطان، ضد آبریزش و ایجاد قاعدگی زودرس می توان اشاره نمود. مطالعات فارماکولوژیکی نشان میدهند که عصاره زعفران دارای اثرات ضد تومور، جمع کنندگی رادیکالهای آزاد و پایین آورندگی چربی خون میباشد. حدود 150 ترکیب فرار و غیر فرار و حدود 50 ترکیب اصلی در زعفران تشخیص داده شده است. کاروتنوئیدهای محلول در آب بصورت مخصوص، کروسین، رنگ زعفران را مشخص می کنند. کلیگوزید پیکروکروسین مسئول تلخی است در حالیکه سافرنال خصوصیات بو و عطری را فراهم می‌کند. زعفران دارای چهارترکیب فعال زیستی است: کروسین،کروسیتین، پیکروکروسین و سافرنال. این چهار ترکیب مسئول ارزش بالای اثرات دارویی و غذایی زعفران هستند بعلاوه، زعفران دارای دو ویتامین ضروری بدن است: ریبوفلاوین (ویتامین ب2) و تیامین (ویتامین ب1). در این مطالعه مروری بر مقالات علمی اخیر در مورد نقش های موثر زعفران و ترکیبات ان دربهبود بیماریهای عصبی از جمله آلزایمر، پارکینسون، اضطراب، صرع، سکته و... انجام شده است.
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