نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
دانشگاه شاهد
چکیده
به‌منظور بررسی آثار کودهای شیمیایی، ورمی‌کمپوست و باکتری‌های محرک رشد بر عملکرد کمی، کیفی و کارایی مصرف نور در زعفران،آزمایشی در سال زراعی1393-1392در مزرعه پژوهشی زعفران دانشکده‌کشاورزی دانشگاه شاهد اجرا شد. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل دو عاملی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار انجام شد. عامل اول کود شیمیایی نیتروژن (اوره) در 3 سطح صفر، 50 و 100درصد مقدار توصیه کودی براساس آزمون خاک و عامل دوم: انواع مختلف کود غیر شیمیایی در 4 سطح شاهد، ورمی‌کمپوست ( 10 تن در هکتار)، کود زیستی حاوی باکتری‌های سودوموناس و باسیلوس(PGPR) و تلفیق PGPR و ورمی‌کمپوست بود.لازم به ذکر است که تیمارها به مدت 4 سال بر گیاه زعفران اعمال شدند و این مطالعه در سال چهارم انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که اثر متقابل کود نیتروژن و غیر شیمیایی بر اکثر صفات فیزیولوژیک رشد، صفت اکولوژی (کارایی مصرف تشعشع) و صفات رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی معنی‌دار شد. اما هیچ یک از تیمارهای کودی و اثر متقابل آن‌ها بر میزان ماده موثره کلاله، تعداد گل، وزن تر گلبرگ، وزن تر کلاله و.وزن تر گل معنی‌دار نگردید. مقایسه میانگین اثر متقابل نشان داد که بیشترین میزان کلروفیل b در تیمارهای 50 و 100 درصد به ترتیب (mg/ml 611) و (mg/ml 569) مربوط به کود نیتروژن همراه با تیمارهای ورمی‌کمپوست، کود زیستی به دست آمد. همچنین بیشترین میزان کلروفیل کل در تیمارهای 50 و 100 درصد به ترتیب (mg/ml 1367) و (mg/ml 1301) مربوط به کود نیتروژن همراه با کود زیستی می‌باشد. نتایج حاصل از اندازه‌گیری ماده خشک کل بیانگر آن بود که استفاده از کود ورمی‌کمپوست در هر 3 سطح کود‌شیمیایی نیتروژن تقریبا در هر نوبت اندازه‌گیری باعث افزایش میزان ماده خشک شد. بیشترین میزان کارایی مصرف تشعشع (027/1 گرم بر مگا ژول) مربوط به تیمار ورمی‌کمپوست به همراه 100 درصد کود نیتروژن بود که با بیشتر تیمارهای دیگر اختلاف معنی‌داری نداشت. به طورکلی می‌توان بیان کرد که تیمار کودهای غیرشیمیایی (ورمی کمپوست) به همراه 100 درصد کود نیتروژن به مراتب شرایط مناسب‌تری را برای بهبود رشد و افزایش کارایی مصرف تشعشع در زعفران فراهم می‌کند.
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