نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استاد، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
2 دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
3 گروه اگروتکنولوژی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
چکیده
این آزمایش با هدف بررسی اثر برخی عوامل مدیریت زراعی شامل مصرف بقایای گیاهی، تراکم پیاز و عمق کاشت بر خصوصیات گل و پیاز و ویژگی‌های کیفی زعفران تحت شرایط مدیریت مزرعه‌ای کشاورزان در مزرعه ارگانیک دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در دو سال زراعی 98-1397 و 99-1398 به صورت کرت‌های نواری در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل مصرف بقایای گیاهی (صفر و 6 تن کاه و کلش گندم)، تراکم پیاز (10، 20 و 30 تن پیاز در متر مربع) و عمق کاشت (8 و 15 سانتی‌متر) بود. تعداد گل، وزن تر گل، وزن خشک کلاله، وزن کل پیازهای دختری، تعداد کل پیازهای دختری، قطر پیاز، وزن پیاز دختری و صفات کیفی (شامل پیکروکروسین، سافرانال و کروسین) بررسی شدند. نتایج این آزمایش در سال دوم نشان داد که اثر ساده کاربرد بقایای گیاهی، تراکم پیاز و عمق کاشت بر شاخص‌های عملکرد گل و شاخص‌های رشدی و عملکرد پیازهای دختری معنی‌دار بود (05/0≥p). اثر ساده و اثر متقابل دوگانه و سه‌گانه مصرف بقایای گیاهی، تراکم پیاز مصرفی و عمق کاشت پیاز بر صفات کیفی زعفران معنی‌دار نبود. مصرف بقایای گیاهی تعداد گل، وزن خشک کلاله و وزن خشک و تعداد پیازهای دختری در واحد سطح را به ترتیب 15، 18، 15 و 3 درصد در مقایسه با عدم کاربرد افزایش داد. بیشترین تعداد گل، وزن خشک کلاله و وزن خشک و تعداد پیازهای دختری در واحد سطح به ترتیب با 41/326 گل در متر مربع، 18/410 میلی‌گرم بر متر مربع، 66/1042 گرم بر متر مربع و 17/140 پیاز دختری بر متر مربع برای کاربرد 20 تن در هکتار پیاز مادری مشاهده شد. با افزایش عمق کاشت از 8 به 15 سانتی‌متر تعداد گل، وزن خشک کلاله و وزن خشک و تعداد پیازهای دختری به ترتیب 11، 15، 45 و 2 درصد بهبود یافت.
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