نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
2 گروه اگروتکنولوژی- دانشکده کشاورزی- دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
3 دانشجوی دکتری بوم شناسی زراعی گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
4 کارشناسارشد هواشناسی کشاورزی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
چکیده
این مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی جامع بیلان انرژی، پیامدهای محیط زیستی و آنالیز اقتصادی بوم‌نظام‌های گندم آبی (بعنوان سیستم پرنهاده و رایج) و زعفران (بعنوان سیستم کمنهاده و سنتی) در استان خراسان رضوی در سال 1397 انجام شد. نهادههای مصرفی دو گیاه گندم (یکساله) و زعفران (چندساله طی سالهای اول تا ششم) با استفاده از پرسشنامه (32 پرسشنامه برای هر محصول) جمعآوری شد. شاخص‌های کارایی انرژی، شاخص‌های اقتصادی و شاخص‌های اکولوژیکی برای زمین، آب و کودهای شیمیایی و ارزیابی چرخه حیات محاسبه و تعیین شدند. ارزیابی چرخه حیات بر اساس روش ISO14044، در چهار گام شامل مشخصسازی اهداف و حوزه عمل، ممیزی چرخه حیات، ارزیابی تأثیر چرخه حیات و تلفیق، نتیجهگیری و تفسیر نتایج محاسبه گردید. گروههای تأثیر مورد مطالعه شامل گرمایش جهانی، اسیدی شدن و اوتریفیکاسیون (در محیطهای خشکی و آبی) بودند. بالاترین سهم انرژیهای ورودی به مزارع گندم، کود شیمیایی نیتروژن و سوخت و برای زعفران، پیاز و الکتریسته بود. بهره‌وری انرژی برای زعفران و گندم به ترتیب 000019/0 و 097/0 کیلوگرم به ازای مگاژول و فشردگی انرژی به‌ترتیب 93/46 و 48/33 مگاژول به ازای دلار محاسبه شد. بهره‌وری زمین در مزارع گندم و زعفران به‌ترتیب 36/21 و 01/0 کیلوگرم بر هکتار در روز و بهره‌وری اقتصادی زمین به‌ترتیب 51/1 و 52/0 دلار بر کیلوگرم در روز تعیین گردید. شاخص بوم‌شناخت برای نظام‌های تولید زعفران و گندم به‌ترتیب 62/22 EcoX به ازای یک کیلوگرم کلاله و 46/0 EcoX به ازای یک تن دانه بدست آمد.
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