نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد علوم و تکنولوژی بذر دانشگاه یاسوج، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشگاه یاسوج، ایران.

3 دانشیار گروه زراعت دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

زعفران یکی از مهم‌ترین محصولات کشاورزی و دارویی ایران است. این پژوهش به منظور بررسی تأثیر تیمار هورمون بنزیل آمینوپورین، کاربرد کودهای زیستی (فسفات بارور 2 و میکوریزا) و وزن بنه‌ مادری بر شاخص‌های کمی بنه‌های دختری زعفران و عملکرد گل به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار، در منطقه یاسوج در سال‌ زراعی 97-1396  اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل بنه‌های بزرگ (10-1/7 گرم) و کوچک (7-4 گرم)، پرایمینگ با بنزیل آمینوپورین با غلظت‌های صفر، 250 و 500 میلی‌گرم در لیتر و سطوح کود زیستی بدون کود، کاربرد میکوریزا (گلوموس موسه­آ) و فسفات بارور 2 بودند. نتایج نشان داد که کلیه صفات کمی بنه زعفران تحت تأثیر معنی‌دار پرایمینگ هورمونی و وزن بنه (بجز وزن بنه دختری) قرار گرفتند؛ اما کود زیستی تنها بر تعداد بنه دختری و وزن خشک گل تأثیر معنی‌داری داشت. پرایمینگ هورمونی با غلظت 250 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر تعداد و وزن بنه‌های دختری را به ترتیب 30 و 27 درصد و وزن خشک کلاله و پرچم را 26 درصد در مقایسه با شاهد افزایش داد. همچنین کلیه اجزای گل و تعداد بنه دختری با استفاده از بنه‌های مادری بزرگتر نسبت به بنه‌های کوچک بطور معنی‌داری افزایش یافت. مصرف کودهای زیستی نیز نسبت به عدم مصرف کود باعث افزایش 13 و 59 درصدی به ترتیب در تعداد و وزن بنه‌های دختری شد. عناصر فسفر و روی در بنه‌های دختری تنها تحت تأثیر کاربرد کود میکوریزا افزایش یافت؛ در حالی­که با کاربرد بنزیل آمینوپورین و کود زیستی میکوریزا میزان عنصر آهن را نسبت به شاهد دوبرابر افزایش داد. در کل کاربرد بنزیل آمینوپورین با غلظت 250 میلی‌گرم در لیتر، هر دو نوع کود زیستی و بنه‌های بزرگ (10-1/7 گرم) بر عمده صفات اندازه‌گیری شده تأثیر مثبت داشت.

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