نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
دانشگاه شاهد تهران
چکیده
زعفران (Crocus sativus L.) گیاهی علفی، چندساله و متعلق به تیره زنبق است که ازنظر اقتصادی پرمنفعت‌ترین گیاه در استان‌های خراسان رضوی و جنوبی بشمار می‌آید. این پژوهش به‌منظور بررسی اثر آبیاری تابستانه، کودهای آلی و زیستی بر فرآیند رشد و نمو گیاه زعفران در شهرستان زاوه خراسان رضوی اجرا شد. این آزمایش به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سال 97-1396 انجام گرفت، عامل اصلی آبیاری در دو سطح (آبیاری تابستانه و عدم آبیاری تابستانه) و عامل فرعی در چهار سطح تیمارهای کودی (کود آلی از نوع کود دامی‌گاوی (t.ha-1 10)، کود بیولوژیک بیونوترینیت (حاوی باکتری باسیلوس kg.ha-1 1)، کود بیولوژیک استرپت ایران (حاوی باکتری استروپتومایسس kg.ha-15) و شاهد) با چهار تکرار اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد که آبیاری تابستانه و تیمارهای کودی باعث تأثیر معنی‌داری بر صفاتی اعم از تعداد گل، طول‌کلاله، وزن‌خشک‌کلاله، تعداد بنه‌دختری، وزن‌خشک بنههای دختری، کروسین، پیکروکروسین و سافرانال شد. بهترین نتایج صفات موردمطالعه برای تیمار با کود بیولوژیک بیونوترینت مشاهده شد، به‌طوری‌که در این تیمار تعداد گل در مترمربع برابر با 05/8 و وزن کلاله در مترمربع برابر با 84/46 میلی‌گرم به دست آمد که در شاهد برابر با 93/1 گل در مترمربع و وزن کلاله خشک برابر با 19/30 میلی‌گرم در مترمربع بود. طبق یافته‌ها تیمار آبیاری بیشترین عملکرد کیفی را به خود اختصاص داد. بنابراین، اجرای آبیاری تابستانه و استفاده از کودهای زیستی در مزارع شهرستان زاوه که از افزایش عملکرد کمی و کیفی قابل‌توجهی برخوردار بود در این مورد می‌توان بیشتر پژوهش کرد و آن را به کشاورزان توصیه کرد.
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