نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیارگروه باغبانی و مرکز پژوهشی گیاهان ویژه منطقه، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند.

2 گروه باغبانی. دانشگاه بیرجند

3 گروه پژوهشی زعفران دانشگاه بیرجند

4 عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه تربت حیدریه

چکیده

به­منظور بررسی اثرات مصرف عصاره جلبک و وزن بنه مادری بر رشد رویشی، عملکرد گل و غلظت رنگدانه­ های فتوسنتزی زعفران (Crocus sativus L.)، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1396- 1395 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند در قالب طرح بلوک ­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایشی شامل عصاره جلبک دریایی (بصورت غوطه ­وری بنه به مدت 10 دقیقه در محلول­ های صفر، 15 و 30 قسمت در هزار قبل از کاشت و سپس مصرف صفر، 15 و 30 لیتر در هکتار همراه با آبیاری اول) و وزن بنه مادری [ریز (کمتر از 4 گرم)، متوسط (8- 4.1) و درشت (12- 8.1 گرم)] بودند. صفات اندازه ­گیری شده شامل تعداد گل، عملکرد گل، وزن تر و خشک کلاله، طول کلاله، وزن برگ، تعداد و طول برگ، محتوای کلروفیل a، b و کلروفیل کل بودند. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد عصاره جلبک بر عملکرد گل، عملکرد کلاله­­، وزن برگ و میزان کلروفیل a تأثیر معنی ­دار داشت. بیشترین عملکرد گل­ (1.29 گرم در مترمربع)، عملکرد کلاله­­ خشک (0.059 گرم در مترمربع)، وزن خشک برگ (0.092 گرم در بوته) و کلروفیل a (1.11 میلی­گرم در گرم وزن­تر برگ) از تیمار مصرف 30 لیتر در هکتار عصاره جلبک و کمترین مقادیر عملکرد گل (1.061 گرم در متر مربع)، عملکرد کلاله خشک (0.052 گرم در متر مربع)، وزن­ خشک برگ (0.076 گرم در بوته) و کلروفیل a (0.98 میلی­گرم در گرم وزن ­تر) در گیاهان شاهد (عدم مصرف عصاره جلبک) به­ دست آمد. با این وجود، از حیث صفات ذکر شده، تفاوت معنی­داری بین سطوح 15 و 30 لیتر در هکتار عصاره جلبک یافت نشد. وزن بنه ­های مادری نیز، تمامی صفات مورد بررسی را تحت تأثیر معنی­دار قرار داد. بیشترین تعداد گل (4.7 در مترمربع)، طول کلاله (33.6 میلی­ متر)، تعداد برگ (9.3 عدد در بوته) و طول برگ (33.6 سانتی­متر) از بنه­ های مادری درشت و کمترین میزان تمامی این صفات در شرایط استفاده از بنه­های مادری ریز به­دست آمد. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از اثر متقابل وزن بنه و عصاره جلبک، بیشترین محتوای کلروفیل b و کل (به­ترتیب 1.79 و 2.98 میلی­گرم در گرم وزن­ تر برگ) در گیاهان حاصل از بنه ­های مادری درشت و تغذیه شده با مقدار 30 لیتر در هکتار عصاره جلبک حاصل شد. در مجموع، مصرف عصاره جلبک به میزان 30 لیتر در هکتار و کاشت بنه­ های مادری درشت موجب افزایش رشد و عملکرد زعفران شد.

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