Abrishami, M.H., 2010. Saffron from Yesterday until Now. Amirkabir Publication, Tehran, Iran. [in Persian].
Anonymous., 2000. PDR for Herbal Medicine. Medical Economics Company. USA; p. 653-654.
Arasteh, A., Aliyev, A., Khamnei, S., Delazar, A., Mesgari, M., and Mehmannavaz, Y., 2010. Effects of hydromethanolic extract of saffron (Crocus sativus) on serum glucose, insulin and cholesterol levels in healthy male rats. J. Medic. Plant Res. 4(5), 397-402.
Botsoglou, N., Florou-Paneri, P., Christaki, E., Fletouris, D., and Spais, A., 2002. Effect of dietary oregano essential oil on performance of chickens and on iron-induced lipid oxidation of breast, thigh and abdominal fat tissues. Br. Poult. Sci. 43, 223-230.
Castanon, J.I.R., 2007. History of the use of antibiotic as growth promoters in European poultry feeds. Poult. Sci. 86, 2466-2471.
Der Mardersian, 2001. A Review of natural products. Facts and Comparison. USA. 520-521.
Diebold, G., and Eidelsburger, U., 2006. Acidification of diets as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters. P. 311–327. In: Antimicrobial growth promoters: where do we go from here? D. Barug, J. de Long, A.K. Kies, and M.W.A. Verstegen. Ed. Wageningen Acad. Publ., the Netherlands.
Gainer, J.L., and Jones, J.R., 1975. The use of crocetin in experimental atheroscler-osis. Experientia. 31, 548–549.
Gulçin, I., Huyut, Z., Elmastas, M., and Aboul-Enein, H.Y., 2010. Radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of tannic acid. Arab. J. Chem. 3, 43–53.
Hadizadeh, F., Khalili, N., Hosseinzadeh, H., and Khair-Aldine, R., 2010. Kaempferol from saffron petals. Ir. J. Pharma. Res. 251-252.
He, S.Y., Qian, Z.Y., Tang, F.T., Wen, N., Xu, G.L., and Sheng, L., 2005. Effect of crocin on experimental atherosclerosis in quails and its mechanisms. Life Sci. 77, 907-921.
He, S.Y., Qian, Z.Y., Wen, N., Tang, F.T., Xu, G.L., and Zhou, C.H., 2007. Influence of crocetin on experimental atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemia-diet quails. Eur. J. Pharm. 554, 191-195.
Hong, J. C., Steiner, T., Aufy, A., and Lien, T., F., 2012. Effects of supplemental essential oil on growth performance, lipid metabolites and immunity, intestinal characteristics, microbiota and carcass traits in broilers. Liv. Sci. 144, 253–262.
Hosseini, M., and Mollafilabi, A., 2017. Relation of phenolic compounds and nitrogen content of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) under field conditions. J. Saffron Res. 5, 64-77. [in Persian with English Summary].
Hosseini, S.M., Naghous, M., and Hoseinyan Bilondi, S.H., 2014. Effect of aqueous pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium) and saffron petals (Crocus sativus L.) extract on performance and meat quality in broiler. J. Saffron Res. 2(1), 1-14. [in Persian with English Summary].
Hosseini, M., Sadeghian, A.R., and Barakati, F., 2015. Study on trends in phenolic compounds during saffron plant growth by Folin Cio-Calteau micro method. J. Saffron Res. 3(2), 155-162. [in Persian with English Summary].
Hosseini-Vashan, S.J., Mohammadian, E., and Afzali, N., 2018a. Investigation the effect of Hydroethanolic saffron petals’ extracts on performance, carcass characteristics and blood biochemical parameters of Japanese quail. J. Saffron Res. 5, 181-189. [in Persian with English Summary].
Hosseinzadeh, H., Motamedshariaty, V., and Hadizadeh, F., 2007. Antidepressant effect of kaempferol, a constituent of saffron (Crocus sativus) petal, in mice and rats. Pharmacology. 2, 367-370.
Hruby, M., and Cowieson, A.J., 2006. The role of enzymes and betaine in antibiotic growth promoter free nutrition. Pp. 269–287. In: Antimicrobial Growth Promoters: Where Do We Go From Here? D. Barug, J. de Long, A.K. Kies, and M.W.A. Verstegen, Ed. Wageningen Acad. Publ., Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Javanmardi, J., Stushnoff, C., Locke, E., Vivanco, J.M., 2003. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of Iranian Ocimum accessions. Food Chem. 83, 547-550.
Kocher, A., 2006. Interfacing gut health and nutrition: The use of dietary prebiotics and probiotics to maximise growth performance in pigs and poultry. Pp. 289–310. In: Antimicrobial Growth Promoters: Where Do We Go From Here? D. Barug, J. de Long, A.K. Kies, and M.W.A. Verstegen, Ed. Wageningen Acad. Publ., Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Koshbakht Fahim, N., Fakoor Janati, S.S., and Feizy, J., 2012. Chemical composition of agriproduct saffron (Crocus sativus L.) Petals and its considerations as animal feed. Gida. 37, 197-201.
Mashmoul, M., Azlam, A., Khaza’ai, H., Moud Yusof, B.N., and Mohd Noor, S., 2013. Saffron: A natural potent antioxidant as a promising anti-obesity drug. Antioxidant (Basal). 4, 293-308.
Melnyk, J.P., Wang, S., and Marcone, M.F., 2010. Chemical and biological properties of the world's most expensive spice: Saffron. Food Res. Inter. 43, 1981-1989.
Naghous, M. Hosseini, S.M., and Farhangfar, H., 2017. Effect of saffron petal (Crocus sativus L.) on thigh meat quality in broiler. J. Saffron Res. 5, 33-44. [in Persian with English Summary].
Naghous, M., Hosseini, S.M., Farhangfar, H., VadieiNoghabi, A., and Gheysari, A., 2015. Effect of saffron petals’ (Crocus sativus L.) on yield, carcass traits and internal organs in broiler. The National Congress of Advanced Research in Animal Science, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran. p. 445-448. [in Persian].
Nelson, N.A., Lakshmanan, N., and Lamoni, S.J., 1995. Sheep red blood cell and Brucella abortus antibody responses in chickens selected for multitrait immunocompetence. Poult. Sci. 74, 1603-1609.
Omidi, A., Rahdari, S., and Hassanpour Fard, M., 2014. A preliminary study on antioxidant activities of saffron petal extracts in lambs. Vet. Sci. Dev. 4, 1-4.
Park, J.H., Kang, S.N., Chu, G.M., and Jin, S.K., 2014. Growth performance, blood cell profiles, and meat quality properties of broilers fed with Saposhnikovia divaricata, Lonicera japonica, and Chelidonium majusextracts. Liv Sci. 145, 250–262.
Razzaghi, R., Nourbakhsh, R., HemmatiKakhaki, A., and Saberi Najafi, M., 2003. Antimicrobial effect of saffron. 3rd National Congress on Saffron. Iran, [in Persian with English Summary].
Rezaee, R., aand Hosseinzadeh, H., 2013. Safranal, from an aromatic natural product to a rewarding pharmacological agent. Iran J. Basic. Med. Sci. 16, 12–26. [in Persian with English Summary].
Samarghandian, S., Azimi-Nezhad, M., and Fakhondeh, T., 2017. Immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects of saffron aqueous extract (Crocus sativus L.) on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Ind. Heart. J. 69, 151-159.
Samarghandian, S., and Borji, A., 2014. Anticarcinogenic effect of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and its ingredients. Pharmacog. Res. 6, 99–107.
Sánchez-Vioque, R., R. odríguez-Conde, M.F., Reina-Ureña, J.V., Escolano-Tercero, M.A., Herraiz-Peñalver, D., and Santana-Méridas, O., 2012. Increasing the Applications of Crocus sativus flowers as natural antioxidants. J. Food Sci. 77, C1162- C1168.
SAS Institute., 2003. SAS/STAT Guide for Personal Computers. 9.1th Ed. SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC.
Sheng, L., Qian, Z., Zheng, S., and Xi, L., 2006. Mechanism of hypolipidemic effect of crocin in rats: Crocin inhibits pancreatic lipase. Eur. J. Pharm. 543, 116-122.
Vahidi, H., Kamalinejad, M., and Sedaghati, N., 2002. Antimicrobial Properties of Croccus sativus L. Iran. J. Pharm. Res. 1: 33-35. [in Persian with English Summary].
Xi, L., Qian, Z.Y., Shen, X.C., Wen, N., and Zhang, Y.B., 2005. Crocetin prevents dexamethasoneinduced insulin resistance in rats. J. Medicin. Plant Res. 71, 917- 22.
Yang, Y.C., Hsu, H.K., Hwang, J.H., and Hong, S.J., 2003. Enhancement of glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by Toona sinensis leaf extract. Kaohsiung. J. Med. Sci. 19(7), 327- 333.
Yoshioka, T., Kawada, K., Shimada, T., and Mori, M., 1979. Lipid peroxidation in maternal and cord blood and protective mechanism against activated-oxygen toxicity in the blood. Am. J.
Obst. Gynecol. 135, 372-376.
)