بررسی تأثیر کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی در شرایط مختلف میزان فراهمی آب بر میزان عناصر برگ و بنه و کیفیت کلاله در زعفران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه پژوهشی بهینه سازی تولید و فراوری گیاهان دارویی بومی خراسان جنوبی، جهاد دانشگاهی خراسان جنوبی، بیرجند، ایران.

2 کارشناس ارشد بیولوژی گیاهی، مجتمع تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی، جهاد دانشگاهی خراسان جنوبی، بیرجند، ایران.

3 استاد، گروه پژوهشی زعفران، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران.

4 دانشجوی دکتری صنایع غذایی، گروه پژوهشی بهینه سازی تولید و فراوری گیاهان دارویی بومی خراسان جنوبی، جهاد دانشگاهی خراسان جنوبی، بیرجند، ایران.

5 دکتری صنایع غذایی، گروه پژوهشی بهینه سازی تولید و فراوری گیاهان دارویی بومی خراسان جنوبی، جهاد دانشگاهی خراسان جنوبی، بیرجند، ایران.

6 کارشناس ارشد زراعت، گروه پژوهشی بهینه سازی تولید و فراوری گیاهان دارویی بومی خراسان جنوبی، جهاد دانشگاهی خراسان جنوبی، بیرجند، ایران.

7 پژوهشگر، پژوهشکده زعفران، دانشگاه تربت حیدریه، تربت حیدریه، ایران. استادیار، گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربت حیدریه، تربت حیدریه، ایران.

چکیده

این طرح با هدف بررسی تأثیر کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی و فراهمی آب بر عناصر برگ و بنه و کیفیت کلاله به‌صورت کرت­های خرد شده در دو سال متوالی رویش زعفران (1399- 1400 و 1400-1401) در مجتمع تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی جهاد دانشگاهی خراسان جنوبی اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل دو سطح میزان فراهمی آب (50 و 100% نیاز آبی زعفران) و شش سطح کودی (شاهد، 100% NPK ، 50% NPK ، 50% NPK + 3 کود زیستی، 50% NPK + 4 کود زیستی و 3 کود زیستی) بود. با کاهش فراهمی آب میزان ازت در برگ و بنه افزایش و میزان فسفر برگ کاهش یافت اما میزان آهن تحت تأثیر قرار نگرفت. همچنین میزان روی در هر دو اندام گیاه افزایش و میزان پتاسیم بنه کاهش یافت. تیمارهای کودی تأثیر معنی داری بر میزان ازت، فسفر و پتاسیم داشت اما بر میزان آهن و روی تاثیری نداشت. بالاترین میزان ازت و فسفر در برگ و بنه در تیمار استفاده از کود شیمیایی به میزان توصیه شده بدست آمد. میزان کروسین و پیکروکروسین در سال دوم و میزان سافرانال در سال اول رویش زعفران بیشتر بود و فراهمی آب تأثیری بر میزان هیچیک از آپوکاروتنوئیدهای مورد بررسی نداشت. در مجموع بهترین تیمار کودی در این آزمایش کاربرد 100% کود شیمیایی مورد نیاز زعفران و پس از آن کاربرد 50% کود شیمایی به همراه 4 نوع کود زیستی بود که منجر به بیشترین میزان تجمع عناصر نیتروژن، پتاسیم، فسفر، آهن و روی در برگ و بنه زعفران شد.

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