نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه علوم باغبانی و مرکز پژوهشی گیاهان ویژه منطقه، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند،ایران.

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، فیزیولوژی گیاهان دارویی، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند،ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند،ایران.

4 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، گروه پژوهشی گیاه و تنش‌های محیطی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران.

چکیده

این تحقیق به­منظور بررسی تأثیر کود دامی گوسفندی و گوگرد بر رشد رویشی و عملکرد زعفران، طی سال­های 98-1397 در منطقه سرایان، به­صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل کود گوسفندی در چهار سطح (0، 20، 40 و 60 تن در هکتار) و گوگرد در سه سطح (0، 200 و 400 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بودند. نتایج، نشان­دهنده تأثیر معنی­دار گوگرد (400 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در هر دو سال، بر وزن تر و خشک کلاله، تعداد برگ، تعداد بنه و وزن کل بنه بود. علاوه بر این، نتایج نشان داد که بالاترین سطح کود گوسفندی (60 تن در هکتار) در هر دو سال ، موجب افزایش وزن تَر و خشک خامه، عملکرد کلاله تر و خشک، طول برگ، تعداد بنه، وزن کل بنه و میانگین وزن بنه دختری اصلی، نسبت به تیمار شاهد گردید.  همچنین اثرات متقابل تیمارهای کود گوسفندی (60 تن در هکتار) و گوگرد (400 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بـر وزن تَر و خشک کلاله و وزن خشک برگ در سال اول و تعداد گل در متر مربع، عملکرد گل تَر، عملکرد تَر و خشک کلاله، وزن تَر و خشک برگ و میانگین وزن بنه دختری اصلی در سال دوم بیشترین افزایش را داشت. بیشترین عملکرد تَر و خشک کلاله در سال دوم (به ترتیب به میزان 65/4 و 14/1 گرم در متر مربع) در سطح 400 کیلوگرم در هکتار گوگرد همراه با 60 تن در هکتار کود گوسفندی و کمترین مقدار آنها در سطح شاهد (به‌ترتیب با مقدار 12/4 و 02/1 گرم در متر مربع) حاصل شد. در مجموع، نتایج این تحقیق، بیانگر بهبود رشد و عملکرد زعفران در شرایط مصرف 60 تن در هکتار کود گوسفندی و 400 کیلوگرم در هکتار گوگرد (بالاترین سطح کود گوسفندی و گوگرد) بود.

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