نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار گروه زیست فناوری مواد غذایی، مؤسسه پژوهشی علوم و صنایع غذایی، مشهد، ایران
2 کارشناس ارشد اصلاح نباتات زراعی
چکیده
زعفران (Crocus sativus L.) گیاهی علفی و چندساله بدون ساقه از خانواده Iridaceae است. این گیاه تریپلوئید و عقیم با پیاز تکثیر می‌شود. سطوح هورمون‌ها و تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد گیاهی تأثیر بسزایی در کنترل دوره خواب، جوانه‌زنی و سبز شدن ایفا می‌نماید. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی اثر انواع و غلظت‌های مختلف ترکیبات شیمیایی بر دوره خواب و عملکرد گل و کلاله زعفران در شرایط هیدروپونیک به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی کشاورزی فدک در سال 1393 اجرا شد. سه ترکیب و چهار غلظت شامل جیبرلیک اسید (GA3) (0، 5، 20 و 40 mg.l-1)، کلروکلین کلراید (CCC) (0، 100، 200 و 300 mg.l-1) و نفتالین استیک اسید (NAA) (0، 100، 200 و 300 mg.l-1) به عنوان عوامل آزمایشی مدنظر قرار گرفتند. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل وزن تر گل، طول کلاله، وزن تر کلاله، وزن خشک کلاله و تعداد گل در دو زمان مهر و آذر ماه بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر غلظت بر شاخص‌های عملکرد گل زعفران در برداشت اول معنی‌دار (01/0≥p) بود. همچنین اثر نوع ماده و غلظت نیز شاخص‌های عملکرد گل در برداشت دوم را به طور معنی‌داری (05/0≥p) تحت تاثیر قرار داد. افزایش غلظت ترکیبات تنظیم‌کننده رشد کاهش وزن تر گل، تعداد گل، طول کلاله، وزن تر کلاله و وزن خشک کلاله را موجب شد. بیشترین طول کلاله و تعداد گل برای CCC به ترتیب با 34/0 سانتی‌متر و 41/3 گل مشاهده شد. بنابراین، مشخص است که هورمون‌ها و تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد نقش مهمی در دوره خواب پیاز و شاخص‌های عملکرد پیاز ایفاء می‌نمایند.
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