Journal of Saffron Research

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

By Subject

Author Index

Keyword Index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

Editorial Board

Publication Ethics

Indexing and Abstracting

Peer Review Process

Journal Metrics

FAQ

Terms and conditions of submitting an article

Paper Preparation Guide

Journal Forms

Qualitative and Quantitative Investigation of Phytochemical Factors of Wastage of CrocusSativus L. and Determination of Anthocyanin Content using Ultrasound Waves

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Assistant of Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Birjand

2 Phytochemistry Student Research Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Birjand

Abstract

Saffron is a spice derived from the flowers of Crocus Sativus L. and it is known as one of the most valuable medicinal plants worldwide. In this study, the extract of petal and stamen were obtained from saffron wastages with methods of maceration and ultrasonic with water, ethanol and methanol as solvent. First, phytochemical screening of natural compounds was investigated. Then the content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and tannins were measured, respectively, with the Folin-Ciocalteu, Aluminum chloride and PVPmethods. Mineral elements of plant were compared by atomic absorption and emission. The existence of phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, steroids, tannins, phytoestrol and carbohydrates in the saffron waste were confirmed using qualitative measures. Our results clearly indicated that the extraction of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and tannins using water as the solvent is more effective than the use of other solvents. Moreover, the amount of anthocyanin in frozen sample was more than dried sample in situ of ethanol as solvent. It was shown that potassium had the maximum amount of mineral element, while manganese had the minimum amount of mineral element in petal and stamen of saffron.

Keywords

References
Acar, G., MercanDogan, N., Emin Duru, M., Kıvrak, I., 2010. Phenolic profiles, antimicrobial and antioxidant activityof the various extracts of Crocus species in Anatolia. Afr. J. Microbiol. Res. 4 (11), 1154-1161.
Alabi, D.A., Alausa, A.A., 2006. Evaluation of the Mineral Nutrients and Organic Food Contents of the Seeds of Lablab purpureus, Leucaena leuco cephala and Mucunautilis for Domestic Consumption and Industrial Utilization. J. WJAS. 2 (1), 115-118.
Arirudran, B., Thenmozhi, A., Priyadharshini, P., 2014. Evaluation of preliminary phytochemicals and antioxidant efficacy of Crocus sativus L. J. IJPRD. 5 (12), 1-8.
Balayssac, S., Tref, S., Gilard, V., Malet-Martino, M., Martino, M., Delsuc, M.A., 2009. 2D and 3D DOSY 1H NMR, a useful tool for analysis of complex mixtures: Application to herbal drugs or dietary supplements for erectile dysfunction. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 50, 602–612.
Behnia, M., 1991. Saffron Botany cultivation & Production. University of Tehran publication. 24 p. [In Persian].
Champalal, k.D., Nilakshi, N., Vijay, G.R., 2011. Detailed profile of Crocus sativus. International.Int J Pharm. Bio. Sci.2 (1), 530-540.
Chopra, S.L., Kanwar, J.S., 1991. In Analytical Agricultural Chemistry. Kalyani Publications, New Delhi. 5, 297 p.
Erlei, W., Yongguang, Y., Caina, X., jingbo, L., 2014. Isolation of high-purity anthocyanin mixtures and monomers fromblueberries using combined chromatographic techniques. J. Chromatogr. A.1327, 39-48.
Goli, S.A.H., Mokhtari, F., Rahimmalek, M., 2012. Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity from Saffron (Crocus sativusL.) Petal. J. Agr. Sci.4 (10), 175-181.
Goupy, P., AbertVian, M., Chemat, F., Caris-Veyrat, C., 2013. Identification and quantification of flavonols, anthocyanins and lutein diesters in tepals of Crocus sativus by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array and ion trap mass spectrometry detections. J. Ind Crops Prod. 44, 496– 510.
Hopkins, W .G. 2008. Introduction to Plant Physiology. University of Western Ontario.
Herbal Pharmacopoeia of India, 2002. Revised new edition, Indian Drug Manufacturers Association, Mumbai. 129 p.
Ivanovic, J., Tadic, V., Dimitrijevic, S., Stamenic, M., 2014. Antioxidant properties of the anthocyanin-containing ultrasonicextract from blackberry cultivar “ˇCaˇcanskaBestrna. J. Ind Crops Prod.53, 274-281.
Karimi, E., Oskoueian, E., Hendra, R., Z.E. Jaafar, H., 2010. Evaluation of Crocus sativusL. Stigma Phenolic and FlavonoidCompounds and Its Antioxidant Activity. J. Molecules, 15, 6244-6256.
Makkar, H.P.S., Bluemmel, M., Borowy, N.K., Becker, K., 1993. Gravimetric determination of tannins and their correlations with chemical and protein precipitation methods. J. Sci. Food Agr. 61,161–165.
Nickhah, E., Khayami, M., Heydari, R., 2010. Effect of some chemicals on stability of anthocyanins from blackberry (Morusnigra). 25 (1), 32-43. [In Persian with English summary]. 
Pal, S.K., Shukla, Y., 2003. Herbal Medicine: Current Status and the Future. Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 4, 281-288.
Prior, R.L., Wu, X., Schaich, K., 2005. Standardized methods for the determination of antioxidant capacity and phenolics in foods and dietary supplements. J Agric Food Chem. 53(8), 3101–3113.
Quettier, D., Gressier, B. Vasseur., J. Dine., T. Brunet., C. Luyckx., M. Cayin., J. Bailleul, F., Trotin, F., 2000. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) hulls and flour. J. Ethnopharmacol. 72(1-2), 35-42.
Sun, J., Zheng, M., Wei, Y., Zhang, P., Geng, W., 2012. Determination of Mineral Elements in Crocus SativusL.by the Method of Microwave Digestion and ICP-OES. ICBEB . 138-140.
Stankovic, M.S., 2011. Total Phenolic Content, Flavonoid concentration and antioxidant activity of Marrubium peregrinum L. extracts. Kragujevac J. Sci. 33, 63-72.
The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, 2007. Government of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Department of Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy (AYUSH), New Delhi. Part-I, Vol.II, 169 p.
Zargari, A., 1981. Medicinal Plants. University of Tehran Publication. 574 p. [In Persian].
 
Journal of Saffron Research
Volume 4, Issue 2
January 2017
Pages 149-158
Files
Share
How to cite
Statistics