Design and Simulation of an Electronic System for Analysis of Saffron Plant Gases

Azimirad, Ehsan; Movahhed Ghodsinya, Seyyed Reza; Kaveh, Hamed

doi:10.22077/jsr.2021.4664.1168

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Torbat Heydariyeh , Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran

² Department of Plant Production and Saffron Institute, University of Torbat Heydarieh

https://doi.org/10.22077/jsr.2021.4664.1168

Abstract

Agricultural industries with other important industries in the country require to the use of sensors, detectors and gas analyzers. The main task of these analyzers is to detect of the different gases types and environmental pollutants and analyze the information obtained from it, to determine the physiological quality of plant growth, measure the shelf life of harvested organs, such as flowers, fruits and suchlike. Saffron is one of the strategic products of the southern and central regions of greater Khorasan, which has unique characteristics in various aspects, from the effect on employment, the economy of these regions and productivity in the consumption of agricultural inputs, such as water. Production of saffron at current costs will be cost-effective only if its growth is modeled in the climatic conditions of different regions of Khorasan and by carefully examining gas exchanges and recommending the use of inputs based solely on precise agricultural principles. On the other hand, the short life of saffron flowers, which makes the processing mechanism difficult (harvesting, separating and drying the flower components), can be increased by carefully studying gas exchanges. In this paper, an electronic system based on electrochemical sensors is presented, which, by simulating the interaction of gases, detects the gases types in the environment around the saffron plant and displays them on the screen. Analysis of the information obtained from the amount of gases detected around of the plant (in terms of PPM and VOL (%)), can provide solutions by agricultural and saffron researchers to improve the quality of growth, maintain flowers longer in the post-harvest period and the possibility of provide saffron production with controlled gas conditions in the greenhouse environment.

Keywords

References

Aalizadeh, M.B., Makarian, H., Ebadi, E., and Shafaroodi, A. (2020). Evaluation of the effect of different fertilizer treatments on yield and some reproductive traits of Saffron in the climatic conditions of Ardabil, Journal of Saffron Research, 9(1): 11-27. [In Persion]

Alphasense, L. (2013). Modeling Amperometric Electrochemical Gas Sensors, Alphasense Application Note, Available at Web site http://www.alphasense.com/WEB1213/wp- content/uploads/2014/01/AAN_111.pdf.

Baby, R., Cabezas, M., Castro, E., Filip, R., and WalsöedeReca, N.E. (2005). Quality control of medicinal plants with an electronic nose, Sensors and Actuators B, 106(1): 24-28.

Brezmes, J., Fructuoso, M.L.L., Llobet, E., Vilanova, X., Recasens, I., and et al., (2005). Evaluation of an electronic nose to assess fruit ripeness, IEEE Sensors Journal, 5(1): 97-108.

Carmona, M., Martinez, J., Zalacain, A., Rodriguez-Mendez, M.L., de Saja, J.A., and et al. (2006). Analysis of saffron volatile fraction by TD-GCMS and E-nose, European Food Research and Technology, 223(1): 96-101.

Cheli, F., Campagnoli, A., Pinotti, L., Savoini, G., and Dell’Orto, V. (2009). Electronic nose for determination of aflatoxins in maize, Biotechnology Agronomy Society at Environment, 13(1): 39-43.

Concina, I., Falasconi, M., Gobbi, E., Bianchi, F., Musci, M., and et al. (2009). Early detection of microbial contamination in processed tomatoes by electronic nose, Food Control, 20(1): 873-880.

Felix, L. (2019). F-950 Instruction Manual, https://felixinstruments.com/food-science-instruments/handheld-ethylene-co2-o2-analysis/f-950-three-gas-analyzer/.

Felix, L. (2020). F-750 Produce Quality Meter,https://felixinstruments.com/food-science-instruments/portable-nir-analyzers/f-750-produce-quality-meter/.

Felix, L. (2013). F-900 Operations Manual,https://felixinstruments.com/food-science-instruments/handheld-ethylene-co2-o2-analysis/f-900-portable-ethylene-analyzer/. (verified 2020)

Felix, L. (2016). F-920 Instruction Manual, https://felixinstruments.com/food-science-instruments/headspace-map-analysis/f-920-check-it-gas-analyzer/.

Felix, L. (2014). F-950 Instruction Manual, https://felixinstruments.com/static/media/uploads/manuals/f950_manual.pdf

Geeta L., and Rohit B. (2017). Design & Implementation of LPG Gas Detector using GSM Module, International Journal on Emerging Technologies, 8(1): 98-100.

Heidarbeigi, K., Mohtasebi, S. S., Foroughirad, A., Ghasemi-Varnamkhasti, M., Rafiee, S., & Rezaei, K. (2015). Detection of adulteration in saffron samples using electronic nose. International Journal of Food Properties, 18(7), 1391-1401.

Kavousi, M., Khashei Siuki, A., and Behdani, M.A. (2018). Efficiency of support vector machine models and gene expression programming in predicting saffron yield, Journal of Saffron Research, 8(2): 343-358. [In Persion]

Kiani, S., Minaei, S., & Ghasemi-Varnamkhasti, M. (2016). A portable electronic nose as an expert system for aroma-based classification of saffron, Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 156, 148-156.

Kiani, S., Minaei, S., & Ghasemi-Varnamkhasti, M. (2017). Integration of computer vision and electronic nose as non-destructive systems for saffron adulteration detection. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 141, 46-53.

Kiani, S., Minaei, S., Ghasemi-Varnamkhasti, M., & Ayyari, M. (2017). An original approach for the quantitative characterization of saffron aroma strength using electronic nose. International journal of food properties, 20(sup1), S673-S683.

Kowshika, V., Akila, K., Nagaraj, S., Surendar, S., and Kalpanadevi, S. (2019). E- Safety Provider, International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, 9(3): 20909-20913.

Martin, S.M., Gebara, F.H., Strong, T.D., and Brown, R.B. (2004). A low-voltage, chemical sensor interface for systems-on-chip: the fully-differential potentiostat. IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37512), Vancouver, Canada, 23-26.

National Semiconductor. (2011). Applications LMP91000 Sensor AFE System: Configurable AFE Potentiostat for Low-Power Chemical Sensing, Available at Web site https://datasheet.octopart.com/LMP91000SDE/NOPB-National-Semiconductor-datasheet-10031884.pdf.

Nicolas, J., Romain, A.C., and Ledent, C. (2006). The electronic nose as a warning device of the odour emergence in a compost hall, Sensors and Actuators B, 116(1): 95-99.

Nizam-ol-Islami, A., Abolhassani L., Shahnoshi N., Karbasi A., and Khezri D. (2019). Estimation of environmental costs of greenhouse gas emissions in saffron farms (Case study of Torbat-e Heydarieh), Journal of Saffron Agronomy and Technology, 7(2): 245-285. [In Persian]

Okeke, R., and Ehikhamenle, M. (2017). Design and simulation of gas and fire detector and alarm system with water sprinkle, International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science, 5(1): 216-225.

Paolesse, R., Alimelli, A., Martinelli, E., Natale, C.D., D’Amico, A., and et al. (2008). Detection of fungal contamination of cereal grain samples by an electronic nose, Sensors and Microsystems, 385-390.

Ranjan, A., and George, B. (2013). A child-left-behind warning system based on capacitive sensing principle. IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC), 2013, p. 702-706.

Rivandi, M., Ghasemnezhad, A., Hemmati, K., Ghorbani, K., Abhari, A. (2020). Effects of pH, Bicarbonate and Salinity of Irrigation Water on Yield and Flowers Yield Components of Saffron, Journal of Saffron Research, 8(2): 241-253. [In Persian].

Sohn, J.H., Hudson, N., Gallagher, E., Dunlop, M., Zeller, L., and et al. (2008). Implementation of an electronic nose for continuous odour monitoring in a poultry shed, Sensors and Actuators B, 133(1): 60-69.

Soundarya, T., Anchitaalagammai, J.V., Deepa, P., and KarthickKumar, S.S. (2014). C-leakage: Cylinder LPG Gas Leakage Detection for home safety, IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication (IOSR-JECE), 53-58.

Spinelli, F., Noferini, M., Vanneste, J.L., and Costa, G. (2010). Potential of the electronic-nose for the diagnosis of bacterial and fungal diseases in fruit trees, OEPP/EPPO Bulletin, 40(1): 59-67.

Texas Instruments. (2011). LMP91000 Sensor AFE System: Configurable AFE Potentiostat for Low-Power ChemicalSensing Applications, Available at Web site http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lmp91000.pdf.

Tian, F., Yang, S., and Dong, K. (2005). Circuit and noise analysis of odorant gas sensors in an E-nose, Sensors, 5(1): 85-96.

Torri, L., Sinelli N., and Limbo, S. (2010). Shelf life evaluation of fresh-cut pineapple by using an electronic nose, Postharvest Biology and Technology, 56: 239-245.

Zhang, H., Chang, M., Wang J., and Ye, S. (2008). Evaluation of peach quality indices using an electronic nose by MLR, QPST and BP network, Sensors and Actuators B Chemical, 134(1): 332-338.

Zheng, X.Z., Lan, Y.B., Zhu, J.M., Westbrook, J., Hoffmann, W.C., and et al. (2009). Rapid identification of rice samples using an electronic nose, Journal of Bionic Engineering, 6(1): 290-297.