Effect of allelopathic aqueous extract of leave and corm (Crocus sativus L.) on germination criteria of rye(Secale cereale L.) and oats (Avena ludoviciana L.)

doi:10.22077/jsr.2019.92.1001

Document Type : Original Article

https://doi.org/10.22077/jsr.2019.92.1001

Abstract

Nowadays, in response to the consequences of herbicide application and gradual reduction of farm crops, suitable biological methods have been identified to control the weeds.In this respect allelopathic can be show useful potential for biological to control of weeds.Soin order to evaluate the allelopathic effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) corm and leave aqueous concentrations on germination characteristics and preliminary growth of tow weed species including rye (Secale cereale L.) and oat (Avena ludoviciana L.), A factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with three replications at Seed Science laboratory of faculty of agriculture in University of Birjand during 2015.Treatments included saffron organs at 2 levels (leaves and corms) and water extract concentrations at 5 levels (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 percent). Studied traits were germination percentage, rate of germination, radicle length, root fresh weight, root dry weight and mean germination time.Results showed that the organs and aqueous concentrations of saffron had significant effects on all evaluated traits in two weeds.The lowest seed germination percentage of rye and oat were observed at 2% concentrations of corm and leaves extracts (up to74/6% and 66/6% reduction compared to control, respectively). Also the rate of germination of oat decreased (up to 50% compared to control) with 2% concentration of extract but the rate of germination on rye was not significantly affected by extract concentrations. Based on orthogonal comparison tests, the allelopathic inhibition effects was more of saffron leaves on rye and oat.

Keywords

References

Alimoradi, L., Azizi, G., Jahani, Eghbali, S., Rashed-Mohassel, M.H., Nassiri-Mahallati, M., and Kazerooni-Monfared, E., 2007. Allelopathic potential of shoot and corm of saffron residues on wheat, rye, vetch and bean. Iran. J. Agric. Res. 6, 227-234. [in Persian with English Summary].

Alipoor, Z., and Mahmoodi, S., 2015. Allelopathic effects of leaf and corm water extract of saffron (Crocus sativusL.) on germination and seedling growth of flixweed (Descurainia sophiaL.) and downy brome (BromustectorumL.). Saffron Agron. Technol. 3(1), 13-24. [in Persian with English Summary].

Amirghasemi, T., 2001. Saffron, Iranian Red Gold. Cultural Institution Publication Posterity Press. p. 70-110. [in Persian].

Anjum, T., and Bajwa, R., 2007. The effect of sunflower leaf extracts on Chenopodium album in wheat fields in Pakistan. Crop Prot. 26, 1390–1394.

Bohm, P.A.F., Zanardo, F.M.L., and Ferrarese, O., 2006. Peroxidase activity and lignification in soybean root growth-inhibition by juglone. Biologia Plantarum, 50(2), 315-317.

Eghbali, S., Rashed-Mohassel, M.H., Nassiri-Mahallati, M., and Kazerooni-Monfared, E., 2007. Allelopathic potential of shoot and corm of saffron residues on wheat, rye, vetch and bean. Iran. J. Field Crop. Res. 6, 227-234. [in Persian with English Summary].

Farhoodi, R., and Modhej, A., 2014. Effect of alcoholic extract of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) on germination, growth and enzymatic activity Seedling of wild oat (Avenaludoviciana). J. Plant Proc. Func. 3(7), 125-132. [in Persian with English Summary].

Farhoodi, R., Kuroshnezhad, N., and Modhej, A., 2014. The effect of aqueous extract of wheat (Triticum aestivum) on germination, vegetative growth, cell membrane destruction, sucrose synthetase activity of the enzyme alpha-amylase and wild oat (Avenaludoviciana). J. Plant Prot. 28, 147-150. [in Persian with English Summary].

Ferguson, J.J., and Rathinasabapathi B., 2003. Allelopathy: How plant suppress other plant. EDIS (http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu), university of Florida IFAS Extension publication number HS 944.

Fuji, Y., Furukawa, M., Hayakawara, Y., Sugawara, K., and Shibuya, T., 1991. Survey of Japanese medicinal plants for the detection of allelopathic properties. J. Weed Res. 36, 36-42.

Ghorbanli, M., BakhshiKhaniki, G., and Shojaei, A.A., 2008. Examination of the effects of allelopathy of Artemisia sieberi Besser. sub sp. sieberi on seed germination and Avenalodoviciana and Amaranthusretroflexus seedlings growth. Pajouhesh v Sazandegi. 79, 129-134. [in Persian with English Summary].

Hashemi Nia, S.M., Nassiri Mahallati, M., and Keshavarzi, A., 2009. Determining the threshold salinity and appropriate temperature and their combined effects on germination of Cuminumcyminum. Iran. J. Agric. Res. 7(1), 303-310. [in Persian with English Summary].

Heydari, B., Osare, M., Enteshari, S.H., and Shariat, A., 2011. Study allelopathic effect of leaf extract Eucalyptus camaldulensis had significant on germination of two species of mallow and secale. J. Weed Ecol. 1(1), 23-30. [in Persian with English Summary].

Maguire, J.D., 1962. Speed of germination-aid in selection and evaluation for seedling emergence and vigor. Crop Sci. 2, 176-177.

Pirzad, A., Ghasemian, V., Seyedsharifi, R., Sedghi, M., and Hadi, H., 2012. The effect of aqueous extracts of sage (Salvia officinalis) and sagebrush (Artemisia sieberi) on germination and seedling growth of amaranthus (Amaranthus retroflexus). J. Plant Prot. 26(2), 145-151. [in Persian with English Summary].

Qasem, J.R., 1992. Pigweed (Amaranthusspp) interference in transplanted tomato (Lycopersicomesculentum). Hortic. Sci. 67, 421-427.

Rashed Mohassel, M.H., Gherekhloo, J., and Rastgoo, M., 2009. Allelopathic effects of saffron (Crocus sativus) leaves and corms on seedling growth of redroot pigweed (Amaranthusretroflexus) and lambsquarter (Chenopodium album). Iran. J. Field Crop Res. 7, 53-61. [in Persian with English Summary].

Rice, E.L., 1979. Allelopathy- an update. Bot. Rev. 45, 15-109.

Rizvi, S.J.H., and Rizvi, V., 1992. Allelopathy: Basic and Applied Aspects. London, U.K. Chapman and Hall.

Scott, S.J., Jones, R.A., and Williams, W.A., 1984. Review of data analysis methods for seed germination. Crop Sci. 24, 1192-1199.

Singh, H.P., Batish Dazy, R., and Kohli, R.K., 2003. Allelopathic interactions and allelochemicals: New possibilities for sustainable weed management. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 22, 239-311.

Soltanipor, M., Hajebi, A., Dastjerdi, A., and Ebrahimi, S., 2007. Allelopathic effects of aqueous extract of Zhumeria majdae on seed germination of seven species of vegetables. ‎IJMAPR. 23(1), 51-58. [in Persian with English Summary].

Taheri, K., Saboora, A., and Kiarostami, K., 2011. Allelopathic effect of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) on germination and seedling growth of four sorghum (Sorghumbicolor L.) cultivars. Iran. J. Biol. 24, 89-103. [in Persian with English Summary].

Whittaker, R.H., and Feeny, P.P., 1971. Allelochemics: Chemical interaction between species. Science. 171, 757-770.

Zand, A., Rahimian, M., Ashhadi, H., Koocheki, A., Khalghani, J., and Mosavi, K., and Ramzani, K., 2004. Weed Ecology (Application Management). Mashhad University Press, Mashhad, Iran. 558 p. [in Persian].