1دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نبات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
2دانشجوی دکتری علوم علفهای هرز دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
چکیده
بهمنظورشناسایی و تعیینساختار جوامععلف‌هایهرزمزارعزعفرانشهرستانهای کاشمر و خلیل آباد، طیسالزراعی 94-93 تعداد 45 مزرعه بهطورتصادفیبراساسسطحزیرکشتانتخاب شدند. درهرمزرعهعلف‌هایهرزبهتفکیک جنسوگونه شمارش و طولوعرضجغرافیایی وارتفاعازسطحدریا توسطGPSثبتشد. بااستفادهازایناطلاعاتنقشهپراکنش گونه‌هایمختلفعلف‌هرزمزارعزعفرانشهرستان‌های مورد بررسیدرمحیط ArcGIS تهیه شد. تعدادعلف‌هایهرز مشاهدهشده82 گونه که خانواده‌های کاسنی، شب بو، گندمیان و میخک به ترتیب دارای بیشترین فراوانی بودند. علف‌هایهرزمهم بر اساسشاخصغالبیتبهترتیبشامل: علف پشمکی و جودره از باریک برگ‌ها و شاهی وحشی، علف میخکی، تلخه، خاکشیر تلخ و کنگر وحشی از پهن‌برگ‌ها بود. علف‌هایهرزیکساله با 53 گونه ازبیشترینتنوعگونه‌ایودوساله‌ها با 4 گونه ازکمترینتنوعگونه‌ایبرخورداربودند و چندساله‌هابا 25 گونه بینایندوگروهقرارداشتند. 82درصدگونه‌ها،پهن‌برگو18درصدگونه‌ها،باریک‌برگبودند. علف پشمکی، علف میخکی، تلخه، خاکشیر و شاهی وحشی گونه‌های غالب در کوهسرخ و شاهی وحشی، جودره، خاکشیر تلخ، جو موشک، کنگر وحشی و درشتوک گونه‌های غالب خلیل آباد بودند. شاهی وحشی از گونه‌های مشکل ساز در هر دو منطقه بود.
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